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Synthesis and characterization of metal ion end capped nanocontainer loaded with duo green corrosion inhibitors

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Highlights

• Pioneering the loading of HNTs with two green corrosion inhibitors.
• They were end-capped using copper ions.
• They showed better loading efficiency and controlled release of inhibitors.

We can easily manage if we will only take, each day, the burden appointed to it. But the load will be too heavy for us if we carry yesterday’s burden over again today, and then add the burden of the morrow before we are required to bear it.

Abstract

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For the first time, two green corrosion inhibitors are loaded into the halloysite nanotubes (HNT) and end capped using metal ions. Vanillin and thyme oil were loaded into HNT and end capped using copper ions to form VTHNT-ES. The loading of the HNT with the duo green corrosion inhibitors were characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) and confirmed by the peaks of vanillin, thyme oil and HNT in the Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectrum. The morphology of the nanocomposite at each stage were observed using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The loading efficiency was calculated up to 900 °C. VTHNT-ES exhibited loading efficiency than the unsafe nanocontainers loaded with artificial corrosion inhibitors currently used in smart coatings. The release of the duo corrosion inhibitors from the VTHNT-ES was studied using UV–vis. Vanillin remained intact in water, whereas only 3.7% of the total thyme oil present in VTHNT-ES was released for a time period of 100 h. The sudden increase in release upon the introduction of sulphuric acid proved that the VTHNT-ES are highly sensitive to pH.

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Keywords

Duo green corrosion inhibitorsHalloysite nanotubesend stopperEco-friendlySmart coatingCorrosion protection

1 Introduction

The demand to address the issues caused by corrosion have made researchers to focus on smart anti-corrosion coatings that incorporates loaded nanocontainers. A number of nanocontainers including polymer shells [1], [2], [3], and mesoporous silica [4], [5], [6], [7] were used as carriers to store the corrosion inhibitors. Even though these nanocontainers are efficient, they possess several demerits such as mesoporous silica nanoparticles are in lack of the structural features that support dispersion in coatings, the mechanical properties of the nanocontainers as well as the coatings based on polymer shells have degradation of mechanical properties [8].

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Table 1. Calculation of loading efficiency using the values of wt% remaining from TGA curves.

Temperature in °C	100	200	300	400	500	600	700	800	900
wt% remaining: HNT	96.18	94.25	93.28	92	82.02	80.15	79.62	75.51	72.33
wt% remaining: VTHNT-ES	83.3	72.53	65.52	64.74	63.74	62.24	58.21	34.3	32.98
Loading efficiency in wt%	12.88	21.72	27.76	27.26	18.28	17.91	21.41	41.21	39.35

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The release of duo corrosion inhibitors from the halloysite nanotubes were studied using UV–vis spectroscopy testing. The calibration curve was plotted for both vanillin and thyme oil. They were then used to determine the concentration of corrosion inhibitors vanillin and thyme oil released from the VTHNT nanocomposite in water and sulphuric acid at varying time intervals as shown in Fig. 6a and b respectively. It was seen that the rate of release was quite under control in water and vanillin remained intact. A sudden increase in the rate of release was observed when sulphuric acid was introduced into the system, proving the sensitivity of VHNT-ES to pH levels.